![]() The US tripled its military presence in the country in 19, but failed to defeat the North, which regarded the US as a colonial aggressor akin to France. While the US and its allies supported the South as a means of preventing the spread of communism in southeast Asia, China and its allies backed the communist North. Western efforts to divide the country permanently by creating a Vietnamese republic in Saigon, coupled with the US refusal to hold the promised elections, led to rebellion, massive US military intervention and the ensuing civil war. The July Geneva Agreements provided for a cease-fire and a provisional military demarcation line at the 17th parallel, pending nationwide elections for reunification in July 1956. The French attempt to re-conquer Vietnam met with defeat in the valley of Dien Bien Phu on. ![]() He named the northern city of Hanoi its capital. ![]() At the end of the Second World War, on 2 September 1945, nationalist leader Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam an independent country. The Vietnam War had its roots in the French colonial conquest of Indochina in the mid-19th century and in the nationalist movements that arose to oppose it. A South Vietnamese soldier stands on his tank to survey the situation at Xom Suoi, about 20 miles north of Saigon, on 7 February 1973.
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